Once GLP-1 is cleaved by DPP-4 it becomes inactive and cannot bind to its receptors
RCT SUMMIT - Tirzepatide vs Placebo for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity, NEJM (2024) [PubMed abstract] The SUMMIT trial enrolled 731 patients with heart failure, an ejection fraction of at least 50%, and a BMI of 30 or more Main inclusion criteria Age 40 years NYHA class II-IV EF 50% BMI 30 KCCQ-CSS of 80 or lower Main exclusion criteria Cardiomyopathy Uncontrolled hypertension History of bariatric surgery HbA1c 9.5% Baseline characteristics Age - 65.3 years Female sex - 53.8% NYHA class: II - 72.5% | III or IV - 27.5% Average body weight - 227 lbs (103 kg) Average BMI - 38.3 Average EF - 60.8% History of CAD - 30% Median NT-proBNP level - 183 pg/ml Average GFR - 64.4 ml/min Average KCCQ-CSS score - 53.6 Heart failure exacerbation within 12 months - 46.9% Atrial fibrillation - 25.5% Type 2 diabetes - 48.2% Randomized treatment groups Group 1 (364 patients): Tirzepatide with a target dose of 15 mg once weekly Group 2 (367 patients): Placebo Tirzepatide was started at 2.5 mg once weekly and increased by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks as tolerated (1) Composite of adjudicated death from cardiovascular causes or a worsening heart-failure event
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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate erectile dysfunction in rats with diabetes mellitus through the attenuation of ferroptosis
One study, which also evaluated cognitive function in patients with high MMA concentrations, found no significant effects on the MDD inventory score, but only 30 of the 140 subjects had depression at baseline, which may have diluted any benefits
