Biochemically it serves two enzymes: methionine synthase, which remethylates homocysteine to methionine and regenerates the cells methyl-donor pool, and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in mitochondrial energy metabolism[1][2]
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Another category is vitamins and cofactors since gut bacteria produce vitamins B6, B8, B12, K, etc., supplementing these might compensate for dysbiosis [266]
This step might involve acid-base catalysis by the active-site cysteinyl thiolate (which could explain an effect of the second cysteinyl residue), and/or the conserved lysine residue, yielding GS in analogy to glutathione transferases (Fig
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