Hydroxocobalamin, the form most commonly used in the UK, may cause: Injection site reactions (pain, redness, or swelling) Temporary reddish discolouration of urine Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions Very rarely, hypokalaemia in severely deficient patients when treatment is initiated (potassium levels should be monitored in severe deficiency) B12 injections are considered very safe, with no upper tolerable limit established, as excess B12 is excreted in urine
Pulse concordance has been measured at 47% (ACTH to cortisol) and 60% (cortisol to ACTH) in one study (153), and 90% (ACTH to cortisol) in another (154)
Effectiveness loss Subjective but important indicator: Peptide stopped working as well Need higher doses for same effect Complete loss of expected benefits Example: BPC-157 was reducing pain, but suddenly stops helping
These include the deficiencys severity, underlying medical conditions, and how well the patient responds to treatment
Promotes poor nutrition Because alcohol suppresses hunger, heavy drinkers tend to have poor nutrition and often dont consume enough essential nutrients such as vitamin B12