Peroxidases, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), metabolize hydroperoxy-phospholipids to hydroxy derivatives to prevent ferroptotic death, but consume reduced glutathione (GSH)
Cytokines are major mediators of this inflammatory state: some of them seem to be predominantly protective (TWEAK, IL-10, IL-22, IL-25, IL-27), others appear to exhibit a dual-faceted effect, depending on the stage of MASLD (TNF-, TRAIL, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-33, IFNs), whereas a third group of cytokines seems to be predominantly harmful, thus driving the progression of hepatic steatosis to MASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and possibly to HCC
crassa incubation with phytosphingosine (PHS)
Curcumin induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation and prevents glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration, oxidant stress, and the decrease in antioxidant enzymes in 5/6 nephrectomized rats
Hyperinsulinemia Insulin resistance leads to compensatory hyperinsulinemia [20]