2014 Cytoprotective effects against NSAID-induced damage, alcohol lesions, and inflammatory bowel disease models
As I mentioned earlier, according to a 2016 study published in Currents in Neuropharmacology, it may also support the gut-brain barrier, which is critical for your gut and brain health ( 7 )
Several lines of evidence point to upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling and modulation of the nitric oxide system [Huang et al., Vascular Pharmacology, 2015]
The addition of B12 to their treatment protocol may help lessen their discomfort and improve their quality of life
Freeze-thaw sensitivity is lower than for a peptide, since there is no secondary structure to lose, but aliquoting still avoids repeated stopper punctures and concentration drift from evaporation