This work, in particular, stated that cigarette smoke contains thousands of components with various effects (nicotine, nitrates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, benzene, ammonia, tar) and even heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, and that each and every stage of reproduction was a target for these components: the egg maturation process, hormone production, embryo transport, endometrial receptivity, uterine blood flow, the formation of blood vessels in the endometrium This would explain, at least in part, why women who smoke have a lower fertility rate, and also why the results after performing in vitro fertilisation (IVF), are worse for this population group, explains Dr Piotr Sokol, a fertility specialist at our centre
This pain often comes alongside bloating or pressure in the stomach, and it may ease after going to the toilet
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