CDC, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2017
The character Leopold Bloom, in James Joyce's Ulysses carries a tobacco pipe with the bowl carved into a head: "He carries a silverstringed inlaid dulcimer and a longstemmed bamboo Jacob's pipe, its clay bowl fashioned as a female head." [1] Thomas Curtis' London Encyclopaedia of 1839 describes a "fumigator", an instrument found in a doctor's surgery "for injecting tobacco smoke into the anus of drowned persons, with a view to excite the irritability of the muscles"
Timing of services: What is the service period
National Cancer Institute, "Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer," Accessed September 9, 2014, fact-sheet#r1
This has helped researchers to sort out which changes in a lung-cancer cell are driver mutations and which are passenger mutations those that are simply along for the ride