Several theories have been hypothesized regarding the mechanisms by which smoking lowers testosterone levels owing to Leydig cell dysfunction by various mechanisms such as chronic hypoxia, smoke-induced oxidative stress (ROS), neuroendocrinal effect of nicotine on hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, direct cytotoxic effect on Leydig cells either causing downregulation of key enzymes of steroidogenesis (NR5A1, CYP11A1, and 3b-HSD1) or by inducing apoptosis (by increase in Bax (proapoptotic protein) and caspase-3 expression, and a decrease in Bcl-2 (an antiapoptotic protein) expression[]
Once people know whats going on in their blood, they can address it with food and exercise, they say
#KTC #GlobalExports #MadeInPakistan #TobaccoIndustry #PakistaniBrands #Trade #ExportNetwork #KhyberTobacco #PakistanToTheWorld See more comments To view or add a comment, sign in More Relevant Posts The Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) has approved Systems Limiteds acquisition of SAA Services (Pvt) Ltd from British American Tobacco International Holdings (UK) Ltd
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